Procedure Text

Do you have something that you want to make recently? When you want to make something, mostly of you follow the steps from the text, am I right? But, do you know what kind of text is it? It called procedure text. You will be easy to know this text because procedure text is different from the other text. This test is presented in points. So, you will be easy when you read it, just get the materials and follow the steps.

Procedure text can help you to do or make something completely. This text also has structure like the other texts and here is the generic structures :

1.     Goal/aim

It is about the final purpose of doing the instructions

2.    Materials

It is about what you need for doing the instructions, such as utensils, equipments or ingredients

3.    Steps/methods

The instructions that you have to follow in order to achieve the goal.

How to make a chocolate cake

Chocolate Cake Ingredients

This recipe calls for:

2 cups Sugar

1/2 cup Butter

1/2 cup Hershey's Cocoa

1 teaspoon Vanilla

1 cup Boiling Folgers Coffee

1/2 cup Buttermilk

 2 Eggs

2 cups Flour

1/4 teaspoon

1-1/2 teaspoon baking soda

For this recipe you will need:

Mixer, or hand mixer

2 Cake Pans

Measuring Cups

Measuring Spoons

Cooling Rack

Wax Paper

Pam Non-Stick Spray

First Step: Butter and Sugar

First in the mixer beat together:

2 cups Sugar

1/2 cup Butter

1/2 cup Hershey's Cocoa

Pre-heat oven to 350 degrees

Beaten Chocolate

This is what the mixture should look like once it has been beaten

 

 

Second Step: Adding Wet And Dry Ingredients

Next add to batter and beat in:

1/2 cup Buttermilk

2 Eggs

1 teaspoon Vanilla

1 cup Boiling Folgers Coffee (this is the secret ingredient and what makes this the best cake ever)

 

Third Step: Adding Dry Ingredients

First mix together on a paper plate:

2 cups Flour

1/4 teaspoon Salt

1 1/2 teaspoon Baking Soda

Then while the mixer is on a low speed add the ingredients from the paper plate into mixing bowl slowly. Continue to mix the cake batter until there are no more dry ingredients visible. Scrape sides of bowl if needed while mixing.

Fourth Step: Preparing Cake Pans  

Take both cake pans and spray them with Pam. Then put a round sheet of wax paper (the size of the bottom of the pans) in the bottom of each of the cake pans. After this spray them again with Pam so that all the insides of both are covered. 

 

 

 

Fifth Step: Pouring Batter And Baking

Then pour the cake batter into the cake pans making sure that each pan has half of the batter. Then place them into a pre-heated oven of 350 degrees for 35 minutes. Test if done by inserting a tooth pick, if tooth pick comes out clean cake is done. Cool to room temperature.

 

 

 

 

 Sixth Step: Flipping Cake

Once the cake has cooled take a knife and cut around the side of the pan to loosen the cake. Then put a cooling rack on top of it and flip the cake over.

 

 Seventh Step: Removing Cake Pan

Next slowly remove the cake pan.

 

 

 

 

Eighth Step: Taking Off Wax Paper

Now, remove the wax paper by slowly peeling it off horizontally rather than straight up. This will prevent the wax paper from taking pieces of cake with it.

Source : http://www.myhomecooking.net/chocolate-cake/chocolate-cake-recipe.htm

It looks delicious, right? Do you want to try? But before that, let’s identify the language features :

• Use of imperatives (e.g.: cut, don’t mix)

• Use of action Verbs (e.g. : turn, put, mix)

• Use of connectives (e.g. : first, then, finally, …)

• Use of adverbial phrases (e.g. : for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)

Source : http://raynal.wordpress.com/2010/02/27/procedure-text/

If you want to learn through video, you can watch it here. It will be interesting video for you

Link : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9raR-Xv75rI

Enjoy the video and Happy try!

Explanation Text

How do you explain something through writing?  Which one is more easy explain through writing or oral? Maybe, some of you think that writing is more difficult than oral, because when you explain orally, you will automatically explain it without considering the structure or choice of words, whereas, writing have to considering the structure or choice of words to attract the readers. Here is I share with you about explanation text in order to make you easier when you want to explain something.

Explanation text is for explained ‘how’ and ‘why’ the phenomenon happens. It can be found in science, geography, and history. Commonly, this kind of text is used to explain some phenomena, like social-culture, natural, technology, culture, etc. when you want you write explanation text, you have to consider the structure in order to make the readers easier to read your writing. The structures are:

1.     General statement

This structure commonly appears in the first paragraph. General statement is to state the issues of phenomenon.

2.    Sequenced explanation

This explains about why or how something occurs in well order.

So, I give you the example of explanation text in order to make you clearer about explanation text

 

How Earthquakes Happen

taken from: google.com

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Learn English Grammar

Grammar = the ways that words are put together in order to make sentences

Maybe some of you are thinking that grammar is the most difficult in learning English and many reasons that makes you think like that. Actually, grammar is really helpful for you when you communicate. Here is the tips for help you learn grammar effectively.

1.  Perspective

The first thing to do is put grammar into perspective. Grammar alone isn’t going to help you learn a language. In order for language development to take place, You need to read and listen a lot. Think about children-they never sit down to learn grammar. They are exposed a lots of language and then pick it up naturally. You can do the same if you listen and read enough! In fact, the more you read and listen, the more language you will absorb, and the more you will see how the language fits together.

2.  Psychological

You also need to remember that grammar is largely psychological. This means that the choice of tense often depends on what you (speaker) want to say in a particular situation at a particular time.-the choice of tense is not determined by some external ‘rule’. So, the selection of either will or be +going to, or must, or have to or the present perfect or past simple, and all those other grammar structures that are often compared, will depend mostly on what you say.

3.  Freedom

You also need to bear in mind that English is a dynamic language that’s constantly evolving. There’s no linguistic organization regulating it (as there for French or Spanish). So, the concept of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ doesn’t really exist-it’s more question of what is (or is not) standard English. But as there’s no universal concept of standard English, and there are hundreds of varieties of the language (Australian English, British English, American English, Jamaican English, South African English, and so on.), all of them are equally valid, it all gets a bit complicated. In many cases it isn’t a question of what ‘right’ or ‘wrong’, but what’s accepted (or not) as standard in particular part of the world. For example, in some places, it’s acceptable to say, “he don’t like it!”

4.  It’s easy

English grammar isn’t really that complicated. And there are a limited number of tenses that you need to learn. The rest of ‘English’ consists of thousands of important words and expressions (each with their own ‘grammar’). If grammar is starting to sound overly complex or hard to grasp, you are probably going into much detail. Learning how and when to use the tenses is a lot more difficult, and this is where your teacher or a good grammar book can help. There are often useful guidelines (alfabeit with a lot of exceptions) that can help you understand when the tenses are used. But real learning will take place from repeated exposure to the language through reading and listening, and seeing the structures in action for yourself.

5.  Verb tables

So, what can you do to ‘learn’ English grammar? One thing is to memorize key verb tables. This can be done through the ‘look’, cover, write, check ‘formula’. Simply choose a verb tables (ex: past simple), look at it for a few minutes, then cover it and try to write it out again. Finally, compare your version with the original… then do it again until you can recreate the table perfectly. Then, choose another tense to work on. It shouldn’t take a long as there really aren’t that many key grammar tenses to learn.

6.  Memory and repetition

You also need to memorize key grammatical sentences. Listen and repeat these back to yourself until you’ve learnt them by heart and you can say them fluently. The sentences may be out of the context, and they may not be entirely natural, but that doesn’t matter because the purpose is to internalize the basic structure, which you can then use in the future to generate other sentences with the same structure. For examples, if you learn this sentence, “Keira lives in America”, you can then use it into generate hundreds of other sentences., just by replacing the subject (“Keira”), the verbs (“lives”) and the complement (“in America”). For example:

a.    Mike studies in Brighton

b.    Sara works in accounts

7.  Drills

Another thing you need to do is to build up your agility with the verb tenses. Do grammar drills on your own, with a friend or with your teacher to develop fluency. For example, say a sentence in a particular tense, then create the negative or questions forms that correspond to it.: “she went to the shops/she didn’t go to the shops/did she go to the shops?” keep doing this until you can do it automatically and without thinking. Then, when you’re in a conversation, you will find the tenses (and affirmative, negative, or interrogative forms) come to you much more easily.

To summarize, read and listen a lot, learn verb tables, memorize key grammatical sentences, practice forming negatives and question forms, and above all, remember the language is all about COMMUNICATION-it is not the set of the rules.

English Grammar Tenses Here are key grammar tenses that you need to learn. The verb to be, the present simple, the present continuous, the past simple, the present perfect,  future forms (will, be+going to, the future continuous, the future perfect), modal verbs, the past continuous, passive forms, the past perfect and conditionals

   

                                                                                                                                                                

The articles taken from : Hot English Magazine No. 108

Golden ways learning English in class

do you still feel afraid to speak English in classroom? how if your teacher ask you to do presentation in class with English? how do you handle yourself?

In this semester, I've done teaching in high school. in the beginning, they were not usual to communicate in English, but I made rules of the class that one of them was they have to speak in English, with peers and also with the teachers. I made them active to speak in English in classrooom.
You can look from the pictures above, discussion and presentation are part of effective activities of teaching and learning. Those things can improve your English automatically. why? because you will communicate with peers and sharing to each other form the experience.
The important thing learn language is use it to communicate with other people. if not, learn language is vain for you. Though, you often make some mistakes, your teacher and your friends can excuse that. Don't be hesitate to make mistake, because, actually, learning from mistake is the most effective way.